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市況多變：自我管理團隊的因應對策
How can Self-Managing Teams weather Changes?

閱讀暖身

現代社會競爭激烈，每家企業都期許能創造出更高的績效，因此越來越多企業採用自我管理工作團隊型態，以利執行。專家認為，一個好的自我管理工作團隊，需要不斷確認工作的最高價值，才能團結一致；也不會因為遭遇變動，而拖累績效。

進入本文前，請想想以下單字：

(A) 自我管理/ (B) 不斷變動的/ (C) 缺乏

To get work done, many companies organize employees into (A) self-managing teams that are basically left to run themselves with some guidance from an external leader. But how can any team be a dynasty when it isn't even the same team from year to year?

為了完成工作，許多公司將員工組織成一個自我管理團隊，基本上讓員工自行運作，而由外部領導人給予指示。只是要如何讓團隊成長為一個王朝，不會因為成員變動而有影響呢？

Companies are struggling to get their own teams performing better: Teams don't last. Even great ones break up as members (1) spy opportunity elsewhere. Yet some organizations still manage to get long-term great teamwork from (B) ever-shifting teams.

企業致力提升團隊表現是有難度的，畢竟團隊難永存，就算是最厲害的團隊都會分裂。即便是最好的團隊，團隊成員還是有可能四處探尋新機會。然而也有一些組織仍努力從不斷變動的隊伍型態中，轉型為長久的團隊合作。

Management authority Ram Charan says, "Choosing does not build a team. We won't achieve much if we (C) scant the far deeper issue of how our teams can build lasting strengths that transcend who's onboard.”

管理權威 Ram Charan 說，再怎麼精挑細選的成員都無法真正建立起團隊。若一支隊伍缺乏保持活力的共識，這樣的團隊並無法獲得成功。

Most corporate teams (2) have only a hazy notion of what they're trying to achieve. However, the most effective teams always understand exactly what their goal is. This is easy for teams on a baseball field or at a burning house, but corporate teams can be just as clear. Effective teams are passionate and specific about what they value. Often it is a sacrosanct imperative to keep commitments to co-workers.

多數團隊對於目標只有一個模糊的概念，然而最有效的做法是讓這些人完全理解。雖然對於球場上的選手或是火場的消防員，這類型的團隊目標較簡單明確，但是企業團隊也能讓目標清晰可見。有效率的團隊都有真正的熱情，並且專注於追求自我設定的價值。通常信守同僚的承諾，也是一種神聖的使命感。

Teams with passion and a clear goal can keep going without formally designated leaders, maintaining high performance even as members change through the years. It's not that the identity of the members doesn't matter. The key insight that leaders must understand at traditionally organized companies is that such teams aren't (3) loosey-goosey, unstructured, or chaotic. On the contrary, they are focused, disciplined, and more effective.

擁有熱情及明確目標的團隊不需要特別設置領導階層也能運作良好，就算成員年年變動，工作表現也能保持最佳狀態，但這並不代表成員特質不重要。在良好組織架構的公司底下，關鍵在於身為領導人必須瞭解這樣類型的團隊並非散漫、沒條理而混亂的，相反地它們更專注、有紀律、甚至更有效率。

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